Annotation Conf. Call, August 11, 2015: Difference between revisions

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c. ATPase activity part_of nucleosome mobilization
c. ATPase activity part_of nucleosome mobilization
'''Discussion''': Solution b or c works depending on what the ATPase activity is required for (nucleosome positioning or mobilization)


===== ii) examples on the wiki how to use the dependent_on relationship. =====
===== ii) examples on the wiki how to use the dependent_on relationship. =====

Revision as of 20:07, 12 August 2015

2. Obsoleted relationship:requires_substance


PMID: 11006294
ISC1 has inositol phosphosphingolipid phospholipase activity (http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0052712) which is dependent on phosphatidylserine. We captured it with 'requires_substace' (in_presence_of would work too). Both these relations are slated for obsoletion. The definition of the term doesn't include phosphatidylserine as a required cofactor.

requires_substace: The annotated gene product participates in a Biological Process or executes a Molecular Function only in the presence of a substance"
in_presence_of: "Identifies a chemical, gene product or complex in the presence of which an ontology term is observed to apply to the annotated gene product."

[Response from Rachael] Phosphatidylserine is the cofactor here, should we be capturing cofactors? If so, how? Would activated_by be the correct relation (Identifies a chemical substance that increases the activity of the gene product)?

Discussion: The authors don't imply that Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a cofactor. Can we use has_agent in this case? DavidH thinks has_agent refers to the thing that is doing the activity. Doesn't work for this case. May be PS is mimicking the membrane? May be it is experimental detail and not the biology?
Ruth: If a process is calcium dependent how would you capture that detail?
DavidH: Calcium is typically activating the channel. There are terms in the ontology for calcium activated channels. We need to think of invivo situations for how the small molecule works. activated_by can be used to represent the activating agent when the biology is not clear.
Rama: How to represent PS in this case? check if there are recent papers explaining what the role of PS is. If it is a cofactor update the definition of the term. If not see if PS is used to mimic a membrane aspect (in which case you can't include the PS part in col-16). If not use of activated_by is fine.

3. Obsoleted relationship:independent_of

independent_of: "Identifies an entity that was shown not to be required for the ontology term to apply to the annotated gene product."
PMID:25215947
Typically mitophagy is dependent on PARK2 / parkin (Uniprot O60260). However, in PMID:25215947, authors show that AMBRA1 (Q9C0C7) (in presence of chemical inducers of mitochondrial depolarisation such as FCCP) initiates mitophagy independent of PARK2 / parkin. What to do now that independent_of relation is obsoleted? Simplest to create new term instead? e.g. “parkin-independent mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization”.
NB Examples of parkin-independent mitophagy:
PMID: 25349190 "Parkin-independent mitophagy requires Drp1 and maintains the integrity of mammalian heart and brain."
PMID: 24176932 "Loss of iron triggers PINK1/Parkin-independent mitophagy."
Paul Denny, UCL Functional Annotation Group.

[UCL discussion]In order to not create 'reverse annotations' (as agreed in Bar Harbor), UCL agreed to request the GO term parkin-independent mitophagy.

  • This would not be a suitable approach for all cases, e.g. not just to capture a specific chemical.
  • The new terms would only be created if it has been demonstrated that a major pathway exists that is different from the typical/common pathway, e.g. equivalent to canonical and non-canonical wnt signaling.
  • We should not be trying to capture assay conditions, curators should try to understand the role of the chemical/protein in the physiological process.
  • If the entity is a gene product, curators should annotate this in the forwards direction, i.e. use the gene product as the primary entity being annotated to the process. See example 4 below for when we would suggest it is appropriate to capture chemical dependency within a GO term.

DOS: I'm happy to create a class for Parkin independent mitophagy

Discussion: David Hill explained that terms should not be negative descriptions in this way, (see St Croix meeting and Barry statement that negative terms imply everything that isn't the term, which is rarely what is actually meant) instead perhaps something like ubiquitination dependent mitophagy (parkin dependent mitophagy) and the sibling mitochondrial division associated mitophagy (Drp1‐dependent mitochondrial degradation, parkin-independent mitophagy). Ruth: however, looking at the literature (PMID:24866973; PMID:25009776 I am not sure that it is this easy to describe the different mitophagy types, as ubiquination seems to be key to both.
Conclusion: review all independent_of Protein ID AEs and consider creating new GO term to capture this information. Alternative decision from review maybe to annotate in the forwards direction using 'NOT' qualifier.
Rama: A NOT qualifier will change the meaning of hte annotation. If you annotate Drp1 to NOT parkin-dependent mitophagy it negates the whole term.
Rama: We need to discuss this further. Solution is not clear.

4. Obsoleted relationship:independent_of


PMID: 12482963
ISW1a complex binds to nucleosome independent of ATP. We annotated to the subunits of ISW1a to contirbutes_to nucleosome binding and included the ATP independent detail in col-16.

[Response from Rachael] Could we have a new term ATP-independent nucleosome binding? We have several ATP-dependent terms, suggesting there are ATP-independent equivalents?

Discussion: Looks like the authors are trying to figure out the mechanism of nucleosome binding. This may not be col-16 worthy.

5. Several examples here for Obsoleted relationship:dependent_on

dependent_on: Identifies a requirement under which the ontology term is observed to apply to the annotated gene product."

i) PMID: 12482963


Both Isw1a and Isw1b complexes show nucleosome-dependent ATPase activity. How do we capture the nucleosome dependency part. Both dependent_on and in_presence_of are slated for obsoletion.

[Response from Rachael] I'm not sure I would capture this. The complexes interact with nucleosomes to restructure the chromatin, so I think there are other terms you can use to describe this. Just skimming the paper, there are several annotations you could make (note: I haven't read in detail, so these are just thoughts depending on the evidence);

a. nucleosome binding part_of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling (or part_of nucleosome positioning)

b. ATPase activity part_of nucleosome positioning

c. ATPase activity part_of nucleosome mobilization

Discussion: Solution b or c works depending on what the ATPase activity is required for (nucleosome positioning or mobilization)

ii) examples on the wiki how to use the dependent_on relationship.

These examples were created to guide curators, if the relationship is being obsoleted it is important to give guidance on how this information can be captured, or state that it is out of the scope of GO.

IAP2-dependent regulation of NF-kB activity:
Statement from paper:

To test whether RIP3 and RIP4 have to be ubiquitinated by cIAP1/2 in order to mediate NF-kB activation, we compared RIP-mediated NF-kB luciferase reporter activity when ectopically expressed in HEK293T cells in the presence or absence of the IAP inhibitor BV6, a treatment that induces rapid auto-ubiquitination and degradation of endogenous cIAP1/2[41]. As shown in Figure 4A, BV6 treatment greatly impaired TNF and RIP1 RIP4-induced NF-kB activation but had no impact on TAK1-mediated NF-kB induction (Figure 4A). Those results, which indicate that cIAP1/2 act upstream of TAK1, are consistent with a role for cIAP1/2 as E3 ligases regulating RIP14-mediated activation of NF-kB.

Expressed in LEGO: http://go-genkisugi.rhcloud.com/seed/model/gomodel:taxon_9606-5408ded30000003

previous recommendation RIP3: GO:0051092 positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity: PMID:21931591: dependent_on(UniProtKB:Q13490 IAP2)

Ruth comment: this highlights the problem of consistent annotation, the annotation should actually have listed not just IAP2 but also TNF! And in theory could list all proteins involved in the signaling pathway upstream of RIP3. What is being captured is the idea that it is unexpected that IAP2 is needed for regulation of NF-kappaB. The IAP2 protein was not annotated in the forwards direction as having any involvement in the regulation of NF-kappaB nor in the regulation of the kinase activity nor an involvement in the cellular response to TNF. An improved annotation would be: IAP2: positive regulation of protein K63-linked ubiquitination: IMP: PMID:21931591: part_of cellular response to TNF, causually_upstream_of positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity, has direct input RIP3
IAP2: ubiquitin-protein transferase activity: IMP: PMID:21931591: part_of cellular response to TNF, causually_upstream_of positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity, has direct input RIP3

Also RIP3: GO:0051092 positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity: PMID:21931591: part_of cellular response to TNF

These annotations do not however capture that it is the ubiquitinated RIP3 which is active. But should GO capture impact of protein modifications (eg phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation) on activity?

A protein's function is required for its involvement in a process:

Statement from paper:

ACTEIII/PTE-1 mutants with reduced enzymatic activity or with the defect in peroxisome localization did not induce peroxisome proliferation

Expressed in LEGO: http://go-genkisugi.rhcloud.com/seed/model/gomodel:taxon_9606-5437882f0000021

previous recommendation ACOT8: peroxisome fission: PMID:15194431: IDA: dependent_on(GO:0047617 acyl-CoA hydrolase activity)

Ruth: again this should be a forwards annotation
ACOT8: acyl-CoA hydrolase activity: PMID:15194431: IDA: part_of peroxisome fission

Two proteins required for an activity

Statement from paper:

To test the RuvA and RuvB proteins for DNA helicase activity, we used a simple gel electrophoretic assay which measures the displacement of a short 32P-labeled oligonucleotide (66nt long) from single-stranded circular omegaX174 DNA. Purified RuvA and RuvB catalyzed the unwinding of the oligonucleotide from the single-stranded circle (Fig.1,lane e). Neither RuvA (lanes c and d) nor RuvB (lanes f and g) alone were capable of unwinding, even at much higher protein concentrations. previous recommendation RuvA: ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity: PMID:8433990: IDA: dependent_on(RuvB)
RuvB: ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity: PMID:8433990: IDA: dependent_on(RuvA)

Ruth: what has happened to the use of contributes_to and could this use IGI?
RuvA: contributes_to: ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity: PMID:8433990: IGI: RuvB
RuvB: contributes_to: ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity: PMID:8433990: IGI: RuvA
I think the use/creation of a specific complex term would enable all of this to be captured But how can curators capture that 2 or more proteins form a complex that is necessary for a specific function, is contributes to and IGI sufficient, or should IPI be used to demonstrate that the activity requires the other protein to be within the complex?

6. in_absence_of

absence_of: Identifies a chemical, gene product or complex in the absence of which an ontology term is observed to apply to the annotated gene product." [GOC:rph]
Q75JZ1 gtaC
annotation: nucleus in_absence_of cAMP
PMID:24653039
Title of paper: Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling of a GATA Transcription Factor Functions as a Development Timer. “We report here that GtaC exhibits rapid nucleocytoplasmic shuttling in response to periodic cAMP waves.” p1329
COMMENT: This was annotated in conjunction with a current ‘cytosol in_presence _of cAMP’ annotation. No other annotations would describe the shuttling as well as these two annotations together and in further conjunction with the annotation: regulation of aggregation involved in sorocarp development dependent_on cellular protein localization
NOTE: we already deleted this annotation as it was flagged in P2GO, but I really disliked deleting that one.


[Response from Rachael] I would capture this annotation as nucleus exists_during 'cellular response to cAMP' (or even 'cAMP-mediated signaling'?) and a second annotation to cytosol exists_during 'cellular response to cAMP'. For your second annotation, I believe what this is interpreted as is: gtaC is involved in regulation of aggregation involved in sorocarp development and this is dependent on the process of cellular protein localization - I don't think this is what you intended? I think what you are trying to say is the regulation of aggregation... is dependent on where gtaC is localized? If so, I would capture this as gtaC is involved in regulation of aggregation... occurs_in cytosol or nucleus (whichever is applicable).

[Response from DOS] Framed as classes of GO term => "The class of all nuclei in the absence of cAMP'. Besides being a very oddly contingent class, its also very ambiguous. The absence of cAMP from where. The nucleus? The cytoplasm? The environment of the cell? Rachael's is better in that it makes this clear we're talking about during response to cAMP.

7. examples for in_presence_of

in_presence_of: "Identifies a chemical, gene product or complex in the presence of which an ontology term is observed to apply to the annotated gene product

in_presence_of example Q550R2 ctxB


annotation: positive regulation of gene expression has_regulation_target carA, acaA, rasG,rasC, in_presence_of cAMP
PMID:22114350
FIGURE 6: Inhibition of cAMP-activation of Ras in ctxA−/B− cells. (A) cAMP activation of RasC and G.
FIGURE 5: Cortexillin-null cells have delayed and diminished expression of cAR1 and ACA. Suspensions of WT and cortexillin-null cells in starvation buffer were pulsed with cAMP…. ctxA− and ctxB− cells had delayed and reduced expression of ACA and cAR1, and ctxA−/B− cells had almost no expression of either ACA or cAR1.
COMMENT: Even though in Fig. 6 authors mention ‘cAMP activation, I like in_presence_of’ as it implies the correct thing; dependent_on implies that the regulation of the gene expression is dependent of cAMP, but it’s really dependent on the mutated gene(s) shown in this study. The addition of cAMP is mimicking natural starvation induced behaviour and in the assay they used cAMP. A more interpretive annotation would be:
positive regulation of gene expression has_regulation_target carA, acaA, rasG,rasC, happens_during response to starvation. Here the user must know what happens during starvation and it is more my interpretation than annotating what actually happens where users can interpret.

[Response from Rachael] If the authors are studying starvation but using cAMP to mimic this you should really add the starvation term to the extension, as this is the physiological process. In this case I would annotate to positive regulation of gene expression has_regulation_target x,y,z (,) part_of cellular response to starvation. This is saying (I think!) that as a result of starvation, ctxB regulates the expression of x,y,z. I'm not sure if there is an easy way to determine when to use part_of and when happens_during, but I would expect some regulation of gene expression to occur as a result of starvation, therefore I would say reg. of gene expression is part of starvation, rather than it occurs at the same time as starvation (in which case it would be happens_during).

Ruth: I would consider the role of the genes being regulated. Did the authors look at these genes because of their known/expected role in the cell's response to starvation? If these genes play a role in what the cell does in starved conditions then use 'part_of', if the genes are not known to have any role in starvation conditions, then use 'happens_during'.

in_presence_of example Q54BD4 dstC


annotation: response to cation stress happens_during sorocarp development in_presence_of potassium chloride
PMID: 22944283
There are four such annotations made for all 4 tested stress factors that resulted in developmental defects.
p.793: we investigated the development under stress of the dstC− (STATc) mutant. The dstC− mutant showed severe defects with fewer and/or smaller fruiting bodies under all of the stressing conditions (KCl, NaCl, MgCl2, LiCl) FIGURE 6. TacA is involved in the stress response during development.
COMMENT: Here it feels not appropriate to replace in_presence_of with ‘dependent_on’ and I would have lots of gripes against using ‘has_input’. Not clear what ‘has_agent’ means, never used that and wouldn’t like it either in this context.
Petra Fey, dictyBase

[Response from Rachael] Here it sounds like you would want a new term 'response to potassium cation stress', in which case I think you should use has_input so that the OWL interpretation of a new term would be correct - but an editor should confirm this.

9&10. examples on the wiki how to use the in_presence_of relationship.

These examples were created to guide curators, if the relationship is being obsoleted it is important to give guidance on how this information can be captured, or state that it is out of the scope of GO.

9. Catabolism of hyaluronic acid (HA) by Hyal-1 only when CD44 antigen is present

Statement from paper:

In this study, CD44, a receptor for HA, and hyaluronidase-1, -2, and -3 (Hyal-1, -2 and -3) were stably expressed in HEK 293 cells and the mechanism of HA catabolism was systematically investigated using fluorescein-labeled HA. Without CD44 expression, none of Hyal-1, Hyal-2, and Hyal-3 affected catabolism of fl-HA. Most of the fl-HA in the medium remained intact and was eluted in the void volume of the Sepharose CL-2B column (Fig. 2, A)

previous recommendation Hyal-1: hyaluronan catabolic process: PMID:17170110: in_presence_of(UniProtKB:P16070 CD44)

Ruth: could this be captured using IGI and including CD44 in the with column, and also creating the forwards annotation?:
Hyal-1: hyaluronan catabolic process: PMID:17170110: IGI: CD44 CD44: hyaluronic acid binding: PMID:17170110: IDA: causually_upstream of hyaluronan catabolic process

10. Activation of caspases by ACER2 in presence of 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide

Statement from paper:

We found that ACER2 knockdown significantly inhibited both the 4-HPR-induced cleavage of PARP (Fig. 5E) and activation of caspase-3 (Fig. 5F), supporting that ACER2 knockdown inhibits the 4-HPR-induced cell death in tumor cells... ACER2 overexpression markedly augmented both 4-HPR-induced cleavage of PARP (Fig. 6D) and activation of caspase-3 (Fig. 6E), supporting the view that ACER2 overexpression sensitizes tumor cells to 4-HPR-induced cell death.
previous recommendation ACER2: activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process: PMID:20628055: IMP : in_presence_of(CHEBI:42588 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide)

Ruth: looking again at the abstract: Increased generation of dihydrosphingosine (DHS), a bioactive sphingolipid, has been implicated in the cytotoxicity of the synthetic retinoid N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR) in tumor cells. However, how 4-HPR increases DHS remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that 4-HPR increases the expression of ACER2, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of dihydroceramides to generate DHS, and that ACER2 up-regulation plays a key role in mediating the 4-HPR-induced generation of DHS as well as the cytotoxicity of 4-HPR in tumor cells. ACER2 converts of DHC into DHS.

The abstract suggests that important process is the generation of DHS, and the other side is that I think currently discussing whether or not to include drugs in column 16, or whether this drugs should just be added to the WITH field, currently this would not be possible as this is not a binding expt and WITH cannot be included with IDA. Plus I think this annotation should be removed as I am not convinced that ACER2 directly activates caspases. (but it might be good to have the discussion assuming that it is possible to make the annotation).

Do we need a term to capture role of proteins which produce DHS which then induces apoptosis?

Consistency exercise paper

Pombase has picked a paper for this month's consistency exercise. PMID 22959349